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A decanter centrifuge is a type of centrifuge that is used to separate solids from liquids in a mixture. It is a continuous process that uses centrifugal force to separate the two components. The mixture is fed into the centrifuge, and the solids are separated from the liquids by the centrifugal force generated by the spinning of the centrifuge
When it comes to separating solid/liquid mixes with a high solids content, decanter centrifuges are the way to go. These solid-shell scroll centrifuges or decanters, unlike chamber filter presses, run continuously. The finely distributed solid particles are separated from the suspension by strong centrifugal forces.
Decanters are useful in a wide variety of industries throughout the world. The centrifuges are optimally adapted for the specific application. Applications range from sludge dewatering to classification or wet classification to the sorting of solids.
To obtain optimum results, solid bowl decanter centrifuges must be custom designed to suit specific separation processes.
A decanter centrifuge operates on the idea of separation via buoyancy. A component with a greater density would naturally sink to the bottom of a combination, while a less dense component would float on top. Continuous spinning enhances the velocity of settling in a decanter centrifuge, creating a g-force comparable to between 1000 and 4000 G's. This drastically decreases the settling period of the components, so that mixtures that formerly required hours to settle can now be settled in a matter of seconds using a decanter centrifuge. This method of separation produces faster and more manageable outcomes.
A decanter is just a sedimentation tank wrapped around an axis. Solid particles that are heavier than liquid move to the bottom of the sedimentation tank by gravity and form a sediment (solid phase) at the bottom. A wine decanter, for example, can be thought of as a sediment vessel. The solid and liquid phases of a centrifuge are separated by centrifugal acceleration. The solid particles, which have a higher density and are hence heavier than the liquid, migrate outwards in the centrifuge's revolving bowl due to centrifugal force. The sediment forms on the inside of the centrifuge bowl's inner wall. The separation of solid particles from liquid is more faster and more efficient in a centrifuge because centrifugal forces of roughly 3000 g are applied instead of 1 g in a gravitational field.
Two phase decanter centrifuge parameter
Model
|
(Diameter)mm
|
Length mm
|
Rotation speed(Rpm)
|
separation factor
|
capacity
|
Main motor
|
Vice motor
|
Weight
(Kg)
|
LW250*1000
|
250
|
1000
|
4800
|
2722
|
0.5-5
|
7.5
|
4
|
950
|
LW300*1200
|
300
|
1200
|
4000
|
2688
|
1-8
|
11
|
7.5
|
1350
|
LW355*1160
|
355
|
1160
|
3600
|
2576
|
2-8
|
15
|
7.5
|
1400
|
LW355*1460
|
355
|
1460
|
3600
|
2576
|
2-10
|
15
|
7.5
|
1800
|
LW355*1460H
|
355
|
1460
|
3600
|
2576
|
2-10
|
15
|
7.5
|
2000
|
LW420*1750
|
420
|
1750
|
3200
|
2406
|
4-20
|
30
|
11
|
3000
|
LW450*1600
|
450
|
1600
|
3200
|
2578
|
5-25
|
30
|
11
|
3500
|
LW450*1800
|
450
|
1800
|
3200
|
2578
|
5-28
|
37
|
22
|
3600
|
LW450*2000
|
450
|
2000
|
3000
|
2266
|
5-30
|
37
|
22
|
3800
|
LW500*1800
|
500
|
1800
|
3000
|
2517
|
10-32
|
45
|
22
|
4300
|
LW500*2000
|
500
|
2000
|
3000
|
2517
|
10-35
|
45
|
22
|
4500
|
LW550*1800
|
550
|
1800
|
3000
|
2769
|
10-40
|
45
|
22
|
4800
|
LW550*2200
|
550
|
2200
|
2800
|
2412
|
10-45
|
45
|
22
|
5000
|
LW650*1750
|
650
|
1750
|
2000
|
1454
|
20-50
|
90
|
30
|
6000
|
LW650*2000
|
650
|
2000
|
2000
|
1454
|
20-55
|
90
|
30
|
6200
|
LW720*2000
|
720
|
2000
|
1800
|
1450
|
40-100
|
110
|
55
|
10000
|
Using a 3 phase decanter centrifuge, it is feasible to separate three stages in a single operation. For instance, oil and water, which cannot be combined due to their differing densities, are separated from a solids phase. Between the layer of oil and the layer of solids, water gathers in the middle. Thus, the two liquids can be sucked from the decanter after being separated. As in 2-phase separation, the solids are conveyed via the scroll to the discharge holes.
Typical applications of three-phase separation include the manufacture of edible oils like olive oil, the processing of oil sludge, and the creation of biodiesel, among others.
There are several key parts of a decanter centrifuge that work together to separate solids from liquids. These parts include:
There are several characteristics of the decanter centrifuge process that make it an effective method for separating solids from liquids. These characteristics include:
The to-be-processed separation medium can be fed into the centre of the infeed chamber of the scroll, where it is accelerated, via the feed. Residence time will be influenced by the throughput.
In the decanter bowl, the separating medium reaches its maximum speed, forcing solids to settle on the bowl's inner circle. The bowl is characterised by its cylindrical or conical shape.
A gear mechanism on industrial decanter centrifuges generates a speed differential between the decanter bowl and the scroll. The differential speed dictates the amount of solids in the outfeed.
Pond depth / Weir discs
In a decanter centrifuge, the clarified liquid flows to the cylindrical end of the bowl, where it exits through perforations in the bowl cover. These apertures contain precisely adjustable weir discs/plates that allow the bowl's pond depth to be adjusted. The weir discs determine the bowl's filling volume.
Decanter centrifuges are used in a wide range of industries and applications, including:
A centrifuge is a machine that uses centrifugal force to separate solids from liquids or to separate components of a mixture based on their densities. A decanter centrifuge is a type of centrifuge that is specifically designed to separate solids from liquids in a continuous process.
There are several key differences between a general centrifuge and a decanter centrifuge:
A decanter centrifuge is a machine that is used to separate solids from liquids in a mixture. It is a continuous process that uses centrifugal force to separate the two components. Decanter centrifuges are used in a wide range of industries and applications, including chemical, pharmaceutical, food processing, environmental engineering, oil and gas, mining and mineral processing, power generation, and pulp and paper.
Some specific examples of what a decanter centrifuge may be used for include:
Separating chemicals, such as acids, alkalis, and solvents, in the chemical industry
Separating pharmaceutical products, such as drugs and excipients, in the pharmaceutical industry
Separating food products, such as milk and juice, in the food processing industry
Treating and dewatering sludge in wastewater treatment plants in the environmental engineering industry
Separating oil, water, and solids in drilling and production operations in the oil and gas industry
Separating minerals and other solids from water and other liquids in ore processing and beneficiation operations in the mining and mineral processing industry
Dewatering coal and other fuels in power generation operations
Dewatering pulp and paper sludge in paper mills in the pulp and paper industry
Yes, a decanter is a type of centrifuge. A centrifuge is a machine that uses centrifugal force to separate solids from liquids or to separate components of a mixture based on their densities. A decanter centrifuge is a specialized type of centrifuge that is specifically designed to separate solids from liquids in a continuous process.
Decanter centrifuges are characterized by their continuous operation, the presence of a scroll (a helical screw that rotates at a slightly slower speed than the bowl and conveys the solids towards the outer wall of the bowl), and a solids discharge port located on the outer wall of the bowl. They are used in a wide range of industries and applications, including chemical, pharmaceutical, food processing, environmental engineering, oil and gas, mining and mineral processing, power generation, and pulp and paper.
The word "decanter" refers to a container with a wide base and a narrow neck, typically used for storing and serving wine. In the context of a decanter centrifuge, the term "decanter" refers to the shape of the bowl, which is similar to a wine decanter. The bowl of a decanter centrifuge is a cylindrical container with a wide base and a narrow neck, and it spins on a horizontal axis.
The use of the term "decanter" in relation to a centrifuge may have originated from the fact that decanter centrifuges are often used to separate liquids with different densities, such as wine and sediment. In this case, the centrifuge bowl would be similar in shape to a wine decanter and would be used to separate the clear liquid (wine) from the sediment (lees) at the bottom of the decanter.