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A decanter centrifuge, also known as a horizontal bowl centrifuge, solid bowl centrifuge or scroll centrifuge, is a machine used to separate a solid material from a liquid(s) using a high-speed and continual rotational process. While wastewater treatment of biosolids is a primary application, the separation of one solid material from one liquid (2-phase dewatering) in a slurry is also important for a number of industries including chemical, food, oil, and mining to name a few.
The separation of a solid and liquid(s) in a decanter centrifuge system work on the principle of gravitational forces. Whereas it takes considerable time for the gravitational separation of a muddy mixture (to fall to the bottom) and water (to rise to the top) in separation technologies based on 1xG separation such as,a static container, clarifier or lamal separator, the rapid rotation of a centrifuge greatly speeds up this gravitational principle.
In fact, the G-force generated by a decanter centrifuge can be well in excess of three-thousand times greater than gravity reducing the separation process from hours to mere seconds. Today's centrifuges are a counter-current type technology. The separation process in a 2-phase decanter centrifuge results in the denser solid particles to be compacted and settled out in the inner drum and then transported and removed via solids discharge end of the decanter. The centrate is routed to the opposite end of the centrifuge and removed via the centrate outlet. In a 3-phase centrifuge, the baffle system is built inside the centrifuge. The baffle system blocks the oil from being discharged with the water. The oil (the lighter phase fluid) is collected between the two baffles and skimmed off the top.
The basic operation includes the following centrifuge parts and how they function:
Model |
Technical parameter | motor power | outline dimension(mm) | Machine weight (KG) |
|||||
(Diameter)mm | Rotation speed rpm |
Length mm |
Separation factor G |
capacity M3/h |
Main motor KW |
Vice motor KW |
Dimension: L×D×H |
||
LW250×1000 | 250 | 3600 | 1000 | 1813 | 1-3 | 7.5/11 | 4/5.5 | 2065×1050×800 | 1100 |
LW360×1200 | 360 | 3500 | 1200 | 2467 | 3-8 | 11/18.5 | 7.5/11 | 2600×1500×850 | 1900 |
LW360×1500 | 360 | 3500 | 1500 | 2062 | 3-8 | 11/18.5 | 7.5/11 | 2800×1400×850 | 2000 |
LW420×1750 | 420 | 3200 | 1750 | 2406 | 4-20 | 30/37 | 11/18.5 | 3120×1580×1050 | 3000 |
LW450×1600 | 450 | 3200 | 1600 | 2578 | 5-25 | 30/45 | 11/22 | 3780×1050×1180 | 3500 |
LW450×1800 | 450 | 3200 | 1800 | 2578 | 5-25 | 30/45 | 11/22 | 3985×1050×1180 | 3600 |
LW450×2000 | 450 | 3000 | 2000 | 2266 | 5─25 | 30/45 | 11/22 | 4320×1050×1180 | 3800 |
LW500×1800 | 500 | 3000 | 1800 | 2517 | 10-30 | 37/55 | 15/22 | 4200×1110×1200 | 4300 |
LW500×2100 | 500 | 3000 | 2100 | 2517 | 10-30 | 37/55 | 15/22 | 4500×1110×1200 | 4500 |
LW550×1800 | 550 | 3000 | 1800 | 2769 | 10-35 | 45/55 | 18.5/22 | 4380×1160×1230 | 4800 |
LW550×2200 | 550 | 2800 | 2200 | 2412 | 10-35 | 45/55 | 18.5/30 | 4780×1160×1230 | 5000 |
LW650×1750 | 650 | 2000 | 1750 | 1454 | 20-50 | 75/90 | 30/37 | 4576×1300×1250 | 6000 |
LW650×2000 | 650 | 2000 | 2000 | 1454 | 20-50 | 75/90 | 30/37 | 4900×1300×1250 | 6200 |
LW800×2000 | 800 | 1800 | 2000 | 1450 | 40-100 | 90/110 | 45/55 | 6052×1460×2100 | 10000 |
LW1000×2350 | 1000 | 1600 | 2350 | 1432 | 50-140 | 110/132 | 55/75 | 6850×1860×2300 | 12800 |
The cost of biosolids storage, transportation, and end-use or disposal can significantly impact the choice of decanter centrifuges to perform thickening or dewatering functions. Generally speaking, sludge thickening before dewatering will reduce the tankage needed for storage by removing water; dewatering works to remove more water producing a drier cake material (source: EPA - Centrifuge Thickening and Dewatering of Biosolids).
According to ScienceDirect, Sludge thickening commonly produces sludge solids concentrations in the 3% to 7% range, which results in an 80% volume reduction. Several factors determine whether a sludge thickening system is sufficient in the treatment of biosolids. These include:
Types of Sludge
Mechanical dewatering with a decanter centrifuge can result in a 95% reduction in volume and a concentration of between 15% to 35% dry solids, compared with 80% volume reduction and solids concentration of 3% to 7% with a sludge thickening-only operation. By removing more water and thereby producing a drier cake product, dewatering will offer significant savings in treatment, handling, and disposal costs.
Biosolids | Organic matter recycled from sewage especially for us in agriculture as fertilizer. Treated sewage sludge. |
Cake | The dried substance (sludge solids) from a decanter centrifuge operation. |
Centrate | The liquid discharged from a centrifuge after most of the solids have been removed. |
Centrifugal Force | The force (non-real force) that is needed to make things work as you would think in a reference frame that is accelerating. |
Countercurrent Technology | In countercurrent flow, the two flows move in opposite directions. Under high centrifugal force, the heavier solids migrate radially outwards towards the bowl, displacing the lighter liquid to the pool surface at a smaller radius. |
G-force | An outward force acting on a body rotating about an axis. |
Millon Gallons per Day (MGD) | The measurement of water a facility processes each day. |
Sludge | The semi-solid residual material which is left behind from the treatment of wastewater. |
Slurry | A muddy mixture of a liquid and a solid; a watery mixture of insoluble matter. |
STP | Sewage Treatment Plant |
Total Solids (TS) | The combination of total dissolved solids and total suspended solids in a liquid. |
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) | The portion of fine particles, these do not dissolve, that remains suspended in water. |
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) | Motor controller that drives an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. The VFD also has the capacity to control ramp-up and ramp-down of the motor during start or stop. |
Waste Activated Sluge (WAS) | The excess quantity of microorganisms that must be removed from the biological wastewater treatment process to keep the ration of biomass and incoming pollutant load in balance. |